Top killer diseases in the developing world!!!<--ini adalah fakta!

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,
Ini adalah entry copy & paste. sekian harap maklum. kalau korang nak tahu more info, korang google je la eh...nak tahu ape maksud perkataan2 yang kurang jelas, korang search je la dictionary. *coii pemalas btol! kekeke...:p

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Sources: Latest available WHO information 

AlertNet presents key facts on the 10 biggest killer diseases in the developing world, ranked by annual death tolls.

1. Lower respiratory infections

Death toll: More than 4 million people each year.
What are they? Mostly pneumonia and other diseases of the lungs, windpipe or bronchial tubes, including Legionnaire's disease.

How are they spread? Coughing, sneezing, laughing or exhaling. 

Facts:

• Most victims are under five.
• Tuberculosis and whooping cough are also lower respiratory infections, but death tolls are tallied separately by the U.N. World Health Organisation (WHO).
• Often associated with AIDS.

Treatment and prevention: Virus usually runs its course after seven to 10 days, but sometimes antibiotics are needed.
Target: Goal number four of the U.N.-sponsored Millennium Development Goals aimed at cutting global poverty calls for a reduction in child mortality by two-thirds by 2015.

"If you look at the resources going into child health compared to the resources going into other areas, really it is very, very small and we need to increase the resources going in both from within national budgets and from external donors."
Elizabeth Mason, director of Child and Adolescent Health, WHO

2. HIV/AIDS

Death toll: More than 3 million deaths attributed to AIDS in 2004.
Infection rate: Some 39.4 million people in the world live with HIV.
What is it? HIV stands for "human immunodeficiency virus". It erodes the immune system. Infection with HIV has been established as the underlying cause of AIDS, which stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Most people with HIV develop signs of AIDS within eight to 15 years unless they receive treatment. AIDS-related deaths are often caused by pneumonia or tuberculosis.
How is it spread? Unprotected sex, blood transfusions or contaminated needles, or from mother to child during pregnancy, birth and breastfeeding. 

acts:

• 65 percent of HIV cases are in sub-Saharan Africa.
• Teenage girls are at high risk in sub-Saharan Africa, where three-quarters of 15-24-year-olds living with HIV are female.

Treatment and prevention: There is no vaccine for HIV, but HIV-positive people can live on life-prolonging antiretroviral drugs for decades.
Target: The "3 by 5" initiative by WHO and UNAIDS aims to provide antiretroviral treatment to 3 million HIV-positive people by the end of 2005. As many as 6 million people need treatment. By the end of 2004, some 720,000 were receiving therapy, prompting UNAIDS to say it was on track to meet its goal.

 "It will be difficult to reach 3 million people with these drugs but what this campaign for "3 by 5" has done is (ensure) treatment for HIV is now on the agenda in every developing country." Dr Peter Piot, UNAIDS executive director

3. Malaria

Death toll: Between 1 million and 5 million each year.
Infection rate: WHO puts the number of people affected annually at 300 million, but the Kenyan Medical Research Institute says there are actually 515 million cases a year of the deadliest form of malaria alone.
How is it spread? Mosquitoes.

Facts:

• Malaria kills an African child every 30 seconds.
• Malaria is transmitted to humans by the female anopheles mosquito.
• Ninety per cent of deaths are in Africa, home to the most deadly form of the virus.
• Malaria is responsible for 20 percent of Africa's under-five mortality and 10 percent of the continent's overall disease burden.
• Less than five percent of people at greatest malaria risk have insecticide-treated mosquito nets to sleep under.

Treatment and prevention: Insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor insecticide spraying. There are a variety of anti-malarial drugs, but the malaria parasite has developed immunity to many of them. For short-term prevention, travellers take daily or weekly pills.
Target: Millennium Development Goal number six includes a call for the international community to halt and begin to reverse the incidence of killer diseases, including malaria.

4. Diarrhoea

Death toll: Kills around 2.2 million people each year.
Infection rate: 4 billion cases a year

What is it? Diarrhoea - caused by dysentery, cholera and a host of lesser-known scourges - is a symptom of infection from bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms like microscopic worms. Most diarrhoea-related deaths, particularly in children, are due to dehydration.
How is it spread? Contaminated water and food.
Facts:

• In Southeast Asia, diarrhoea is responsible for up to 8.5 percent of all deaths, and in Africa for 7.7 percent of deaths.

Treatment: Diarrhoea can be treated with oral re-hydration salts. Zinc is also now advocated as an accompanying treatment.
Target: Goal number 10 of the Millennium Development Goals is to halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015. 

5. Tuberculosis

Death toll: Two million people die every year.
Infection rate: About 2 billion people are infected with TB and over 8 million new cases develop each year.
What is it? Symptoms of tuberculosis (TB) include a chronic cough, fever, chills, weakness and weight loss.
How is it spread? Coughing or sneezing. 

Facts:

• One-third of the world's population is infected with TB.
• TB is a frequent killer for people with AIDS. African states suffering from the HIV pandemic have experienced an annual 10 percent rise in TB cases.
• Has suffered a re-emergence in Eastern Europe, largely due to patients failing to complete courses of treatment. This has contributed to drug-resistant strains evolving. 

Treatment and prevention: The Bacille Calmette-Guerin - BCG - vaccine is the most commonly used preventative measure against TB in the developing world, but drug-resistant strains are on the rise.
Directly Observed Therapy Short-course - DOTS - is the internationally recommended approach to TB control. Under DOTS, health workers closely monitor treatment to ensure that patients complete the full course of medication, thereby helping to prevent new strains of drug-resistant TB developing. The method has cure rates of up to 95 percent, even in the poorest countries. 
Targets: The Global Plan to Stop TB ran from 2001 to 2005. The target was to detect 70 percent of new TB infections, but the programme only achieved 45 percent case detection. However, 82 percent of detected cases were treated, almost up to the 85 percent cure target. A new Global Plan will run to 2015 from 2006, aiming for Millennium Development Goal number six, which is to halt and begin reversing the spread of major diseases like TB.

"The DOTS strategy is one of the most cost-effective of all health interventions."
The World Bank

6. Measles

Death toll: An estimated 530,000 measles deaths annually, mostly children.
Infection rate: More than 30 million people are infected with the virus each year.
What is it? Measles can cause blindness, brain damage and make children susceptible to pneumonia and diarrhoea. Potentially fatal if left untreated.
How is it spread? Coughing and sneezing. It is highly contagious.

Facts:

• 1,400 people die from measles every day.
• It costs $1 to immunise a child.
• Africa and Southeast Asia account for 82 percent of the global death toll. 

Treatment and prevention: Vaccination is effective. The disease can be treated with drugs, but strains of drug-resistant measles have developed.
Targets: The Measles Initiative and the WHO/U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) Strategy for Sustainable Measles Mortality Reduction aim to reduce measles deaths with comprehensive vaccination programmes. Global measles deaths have fallen by 39 per cent since 1999, while Africa has witnessed a drop of 47 percent.

"We can take a country that is endemic for a leading cause of child death and, almost at will, take it to zero percent and keep it there. Now we are just trying to get the resources and the political cooperation to do it everywhere."
Dr Mark Grabowsky, Technical Advisor, Measles Initiative & American Red Cross

7. Whooping cough, or pertussis

Death toll: 200,000 to 300,000 die each year.
Infection rate: 20 million to 40 million cases annually.
What is it? Highly contagious acute bacterial disease of the respiratory tract.
How is it spread? Coughing, sneezing or talking. 

Facts:

• 90 percent of pertussis cases occur in developing countries. Most prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• The Global Alliance for Vaccines & Immunisation (GAVI) immunised 294,000 children against whooping cough last year.  

Treatment and prevention: Can be treated with antibiotics, but vaccines are the most effective way to control it.
Targets: GAVI aims to introduce pertussis vaccine into routine childhood vaccination programmes all over the world. 

8. Tetanus

Death toll: 214,000 deaths a year.
Infection rate: 500,000 cases a year.

What is it? Also known as lockjaw, tetanus is a potentially fatal disease of the central nervous system.
How is it spread? Caused by a wound becoming infected with bacteria. Clostridium tetani spores live in soil, so are present everywhere.

Facts:

• Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia bear the brunt of tetanus deaths, with 84,000 and 82,000 respectively.
• Neo-natal tetanus - passed from mother to child - is a leading cause of infant mortality in some regions.
• One in 10 Haitians projected to have HIV/AIDS by 2015.
• Since WHO called for global elimination of the disease in 1989, neo-natal tetanus deaths have decreased to 180,000 worldwide in 2002 from 800,000 in the 1980s.   

Treatment: Can be prevented with a vaccine 

9. Meningitis

Death toll: 174,000 deaths a year.
Infection rate: Over a million people contract a form of meningitis every year.
What is it? A frequently fatal infection of the tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord. Even with early diagnosis and correct treatment, five to 10 percent of patients die.
How is it spread? Droplets from the throat or breath. Close contact or sharing eating and drinking utensils can spread the disease.

Facts:

• The "Meningitis Belt" with the world's highest incidence rates stretches from Senegal in western Africa to Ethiopia in the east.
• 10 to 20 percent of survivors suffer brain damage, hearing loss, or learning disability.

 

Treatment and prevention: Vaccines are available. Antibiotics for treatment include penicillin and ceftriaxone. Oily chloramphenicol is the drug of choice in areas with limited health facilities because a single dose is effective.
Target: The International Coordinating Group on Vaccine Provision for Epidemic Meningitis Control supports research to develop a new vaccine. 

10. Syphilis

Death toll: 157,000 deaths a year.
Infection rate: Around 12.2 million cases worldwide.
How is it spread? Syphilis is primarily spread by sexual contact, though it can be transmitted internally from an infected mother directly to her baby.

 

Facts:

• Many common antibiotics do not work against syphilis.
• Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America -- in that order -- experience the highest rates of syphilis.

Treatment: Penicillin.

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Warm Regards,

Allergy...tidak!!!

Selamat hari Jumaat semua,

Allergy...tidak!!!

Haa...tu la yang jadi pada saya sekarang. Baru lagi kena allergy ni. Mula2 allergy pada shrimp je. Pastu dah mula la allergy pada seafood. *adoiyai...dah tak dapat menikmati seafood! Aritu dapat flyer seafood restaurant, fuhh terbaik punya masak ketam..siap bermacam2 jenis masakan! Arghhh! :-(

Last week sangat teruk allergy wehh! Normally bila termakan je apa2 yang dimasak dengan udang, sotong, etc...mula la akan keluar bintik2 biji2 kat muka. Pastu akan rasa gatal2, panas2, merah2. Even saya tak la makan udang/sotong tu...cuma kan bila masak, air2 dari udang/sotong tu kan akan keluar. Takpun bila tekak ni teringin nak makan jenis2 sambal terutama sekali sambal belacan (belacan kan ada udang), pastu ape lagi...giler punya panas kat muka, maka keluarlah bintik2, merah2, gatal2. Part yang paling teruk kulit muka kat tempat yang keluar biji2 tu jadi keringggg!!! Jari jemari ni kan gatal sangat, bila kulit kering2 tu mula la nak kopek2 kutil2. Pastu ape lagi...pedih la kulit muka ni! Dah jadi merah, siap parut2. Lama kelamaan jadi makin teruk lah keringnya.

Last weekend sampai rasa malu nak berdepan dengan orang ramai. *Sebab fikir apa kata masyarakat dengan mukaku nanti. Tidakkk!!! Tapi nak buat macam mana kan..last week banyak jemputan kenduri sana sini. Terpaksalah gagahkan diriku untuk pergi jugak. 

Mula la banyak suara2 yang bertanya "Ehh nape muka kau ni?" 

Dengan perasaan yang malu saya pun jawablah "Erkk, ni allergy...."

Suara2 tu bertanya lagi "Allergy apa sampai teruk macam ni?" *Huh?? Apekah? Teruk sangat ke muka aku? Tak boleh jadi ni!

Saya jawab "Hurm, mula allergy udang. Pastu sekarang ni allergy semua jenis seafood, even ikan, ayam, telur pun tak boleh makan. Bila makan akan keluar biji2 ni haa, pastu kulit kering."

Pastu suara2 tu cakap la lagi bla bla bla. *Rasa nak menangis & jerit kuat2 durhh bila mereka cakap macam2...! Sob sob sob! :'(

Bila dah macam takut tengok muka sendiri & sangat tak tahan sebab tompok sana sini kat muka...so saya pun berkata la pada si suami:

Saya: Pa, tengok ni...teruk giler kan?

Suami: Eee yela sayang...jom kita pegi klinik kulit nak?

Saya: Ehh bukak ke klinik kulit hari ahad ni? Haa jap...nak call kawan yang pernah pegi klinik kulit.

Saya: Salam. Hello, Z ko tahu tak klinik kulit kat mana?

Z: Ko nape?

Saya: Alarr...kan semalam kita cakap pasal muka kita allergic ni...

Z: Ehh baik ko pegi specialist nyah. Tempat yang aku pergi dulu yang dekat dengan DBKL tu. Tapi tak bukak hari ahad. Situ sekali follow up dlm RM300++ termasuk ubat semua. New York Skin Solution  pun ok. Tapi ko kena bayar RM5000. Kira macam ko buat installment.

Saya: Alamak mahal durh. Kita bukan nak buat follow up follow up ni. Kita nak klinik yang walk in je. Kira sekali pegi. Sebab kita bukan ada masalah kulit yang biasa kena pastu teruk giler2.

Z: Takpun ko tanya M sebab dia sekarang tengah follow up dengan doctor specialist untuk kulit dia jugak.

Saya: Owh yeke? Ok, thanks. Bye.

Tetiba si suami mencelah:

Suami: Haa pa tahu ada satu klinik kulit kat TTDI. Jom kita pegi ye. Alololo...kesian sayang papa ni ye.

Saya: Okay...*sambil buat muka sedey + simpati

Sampai je kami kat TTDI, klinik tu tutup pulak! 

Saya: Adoi mak aii..boleh pulak tutup klinik ni!

Suami: Ha'ah la..hurm..Ye la, klinik kulit bukan macam klinik biasa, bukan hari2 orang sakit kulit. *Huh??Apekah?

Saya: Jap google tengok kat mana ada klinik kulit lagi. Haa ada ni haa kat PJ, KL.

Suami: Try call.

Saya: *calling* Takde orang jawab call pun. Lama sangat dah ni. Tutup jugak la tu. Eeeeee! Kita pegi pharmacy je la. Kat sini ada Guardian kan?

Ok, kami pun pusing2 la kat dalam TTDI tu...adoi ada pasar malam pulak. Semua orang parking macam toott! Nak mencelah sikit punya susah! Sampai Guardian, budak tu cakap "Pharmacist off-day harini kak. Cuba akak pergi Pure Aid seberang jalan tu." Saya: Owh yeke, ok thanks eh.

Si suami boleh pulak dia parking jauh suruh saya jalan kaki nak pergi pharmacy nun seberang jalan. Hati tengah panas ni! Sigh...

Sampai je kat pharmacy ngadu2 la kat pharmacist tu. Siap saya buat la aksi macam pedih2 sakit2 boleh pulak dia pun macam terasa sakit sama. *Haha kelakar kot! Kekeke...:p So dia pun kasi la cream dan pills ni:

Haa ni dia...nama cream ni Elomet. Elomet sangat bagus untuk sensitive skin/skin problem or eczema. Harga dia not bad la...RM33 untuk 15g.  Pharmacist tu pesan supaya jangan apply sebarang makeup kat muka (untuk beberapa hari sahaja) sehingga muka ok. Berbaloi beli cream ni. Malam tu sebelum tidur saya terus apply cream ni. Esoknya bangun kulit dah menunjukkan kesan yang sangat menakjubkan! Dah kurang kering2, dah kurang merah2. Malam tadi kali ke-5 saya apply cream ni. Hasilnya menakjubkan! Kulit muka yang kering2 tu dah hilang. Pastu parut2 pun dah pudar. Paling besh kulit muka jadi lembut giler. Pagi tadi cakap kat suami "Pa, tengok muka ma..dah cantik kan?" "Ha'ah la..dah ok. Bagus ek cream tu?"

Ni pulak pills. Dimakan sebiji sehari. Gunanya untuk kurangkan rasa gatal2. Tapi pharmacist tu advice supaya buat beberapa hari sila jaga makan, jangan makan benda2 yang boleh buat muka allergic tu. Ubat ni makan sekali sehari (pagi je). First few days boleh la lagi makan nasi/noodles dengan sayur2 je. Tapi di sebabkan kedegilan, lepas hari ke-3 ada jugak la makan sikit2 macam ayam, sambal. Pastu muka dah mula rasa macam panas2, gatal2. Lepas makan je cepat2 makan pills tu. Tak berapa lama pastu terus kurang rasa gatal2. Cepat je kesan dia. Bagusss kan? Terbaik punya! Cayalah! Hehe...^^

Warm Regards,

Perubahan & Kesan yg saya rasai

Salam 1 Malaysia semua,

Nak tahu perkembangan saya setelah sebulan memakai PB? *Yela..kena la share kan...kang uols kata janji tinggal janji pulak...:p
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Jom kita tengok berapa banyak yang kurang ye:
Bust - tang ni memang tak kurang langsung! mantain je...malahan makin mantop2...:p *gituew

Underbust - kurang 4 cm je *boleh la tahan kan?
Waist - yang ni je kurang lebih sikit dalam 6.5 cm. So sekarang jadi 70.5cm. *ok la tu kan? bukan mendiet pun, tak buat sit up ape pun. exercise pun idak.
Buttock - kurang 1.5 cm je. *alahai ciput je.
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Berat pulak macam mana? Erkk...malu la nak cerita pasal berat. Dapat dikurangkan less than 2 kilos je. *blushing
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Ok, ni perkembangan setelah sebulan memakai PB set malahan tanpa mendiet + exercise pun boleh jugak kurang untuk part2 tertentu kan. Kira ok la tu.

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Nanti kita tengok perkembangan sebulan lagi dari sekarang. Bulan november ni saya pegi Fitness First 3 times/month. Last weekend dah pegi.I pakai PB set uols sambil workout! Tak rasa senak atau apa2 pun. Rasa biasa je. Cayalah! *hehehe ^^
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Selain dari ukuran yang dah berkurang, saya nak share berkenaan kesan2 yang saya dah rasa setelah memakai PB ni selama sebulan:

• senggugut dah tak ada (last month menses) *ni memang sangat menakjubkan! serious tak sangka!
•  migraine dah tak seperti dulu *sangat banyak berkurang! kalau dulu, kena panas lama sikit confirm migraine giler2, tapi sekarang tak!
• breast & buttocks makin mantap *yang penting suamiku suka! huhu...:p
• penghadaman pun dah makin bagus *kadang2 boleh membuang pada hari yang sama lebih dari sekali (pagi & malam)
• tidur dah lebih nyenyak, bila bangun pagi pun rasa segar je *tapi saya mesti tidur waktu yang sepatutnya ;)

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Apepun SYUKUR ALHAMDULILLAH.....(^________^)

Best Regards,